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Pathology

Overview

GOAL 
 The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate student in Pathology is to provide the students with a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms and causes of disease, in order to enable him/her to achieve complete understanding of the natural history and clinical manifestations of disease.

OBJECTIVES

KNOWLEDGE

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:-

  1. Describe the structure and ultrastructure of a sick cell, mechanisms of cell degeneration, cell death and repair and be able to correlate structural and functional alterations.
  2. Explain the pathophysiological processes which govern the maintenance of homeostasis, mechanisms of their disturbance and the morphological and clinical manifestations associated with it.
  3. Describe the mechanisms and patterns to tissue response to injury such that she/he can appreciate the pathophysiology of disease processes and their clinical manifestations.
  4. Correlate normal and altered morphology (gross and microscopic) of different organ systems in common diseases to the extent needed for understanding of disease processes and their clinical significance.

SKILLS
 
 At the end of the course, the student should be able to:-

  1. Describe the rationale and principles of technical procedures of the diagnostic laboratory tests and interpretation of the results;
  2. Perform the simple bed-side tests on blood, urine and other biological fluid samples;
  3. Draw a rational scheme of investigations aimed at diagnosing and managing the cases of common disorders;
  4. Understand biochemical/physiological disturbances that occur as a result of disease in collaboration with pre clinical departments.

INTEGRATION
 
 At the end of training he/she should be able to integrate the causes of disease and relationship of different etiological factors (social, economic and environmental) that contribute to the natural history of diseases most prevalent in India.

Facilities

Department Pathology

SCOPE OF HEMATOLOGY LABORATORY

 

SL. No

Materials or items examined/tested

Specific tests/examination performed

Specification, standard (method) or technique used

BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE INTERVAL

Range of testing/Limit of detection

%CV/MU

(+/--)

1

Whole blood (EDTA)

White blood cell (WBC) count

Electrical Impedance (HMX)

4000-10,000/cumm

0.0-300 X 109 /L

5.2

 

2

Red blood cell (RBC) count

Electrical Impedance (HMX)

4.5-5.5 X 106 /cumm

0.0-8.5 X 1012 /L

4.3

 

3

Hemoglobin (Hb)

 

Cyanide free Hemoglobin method

13-17 gm/ dl

0-250 G/ L

6.5

 

4

Hematocrit (Hct)

Calculated

40-50%

N.A

N.A.

5

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Measured

80-99 Fl

40-150 fL

0.26

6

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

Calculated

27-32 pg

N.A.

N.A.

7

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Calculated

31.5-34.5

N.A.

N.A.

8

Platelet count

Electrical Impedance

1,50,000-4,50,000/ cumm

0-3000 X 109 /L

7.17

9

Differential Leucocyte count

(5-part analyzer)

Volume conductivity  (VCS)

 

Polymorphs--60-80%

Lymphocytes--20-40%

Eosinophils—1-6%

Monocytes—2-10%

N.A.

N.A.

10

Absolute differential count (3-part analyzer)

Calculated

 

N.A.

N.A.

 

SL. No

Materials or items examined/tested

Specific tests/examination performed

Specification, standard (method) or technique used

BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE INTERVAL

Range of testing/Limit of detection

%CV/MU

(+/--)

11

Whole blood (3.2% Citrate)

Prothrombin time  (PT)

Fully automated Stago

(Scattered light intensity)

9.9-12.1 seconds

0-120 seconds

-

12

INR

Calculated

 

N.A

N.A

13

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

Fully automated Stago

(Scattered light intensity)

22.1-36.1 seconds

0-180 seconds

-

14

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Auto + Manual (Westergren)

Male--<10 mm/hour

Female--<15mm/hour

0-180 mm

N.A

15

Peripheral blood smear morphology

Manual (Field's stain)

N.A

N.A.

N.A.

16

Whole blood (EDTA)

Reticulocyte count

Manual

(STAIN- 1% Brilliant  cresyl  blue )`

0.5-2.5%

N.A.

N.A.

17

Solubility test

MANUAL

Normal -Negative

N.A

N.A

18

HPLC

BIO RAD BETA (Variant 2) thalassemia short programme(HPLC)

Hb A-89.8-95.2%

HbA2-2.2-3.5%

Hb F-<1.0%

HbF levels–(35-40%)

N.A

 

SCOPE OF CLINICALPATHOLOGY LABORATORY

Sr no

Materials or items examined/tested

Specific tests/examination performed

Specification, standard (method) or technique used

Range of testing/Limit of detection

%CV/MU

(+/--)

 

1

Fluid EXAMINATION (Ascitic, Pleural, Synovial, C.S.F)

Gross Examination –Colour,  Volume,

Appearance

                                                                   Macroscopic Examination

N.A

N.A

 

Visual microscopy

N.A

N.A

 

Microscopic examination                                    

 

2

URINE EXAMINATION

Physical examination- Colour, Volume, Odour, Appearance

Gross Examination

N.A

N.A

 

Chemical Examination- Protein ,

                                       Sugar

Reagent strip method(  colorimetry,

                                     GOD-POD) + Automatic Analyser machine (Laura - ERBA)

 

 

N.A

N.A

 

Microscopy-Pus cells, RBCs, Casts, Crystal

Visual microscopy

N.A

N.A

 

3

SEMEN Analysis

Physical examination-Quantity, Liquefication time,

Time and place of collection

Macroscopic examination

N.A

N.A

 

Motility reporting – Actively motile,

                                Sluggish motile

                                Non-motile

Visual microscopy

N.A

N.A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Blood  Bank

Departmentof  Pathology

G.M.E.R.S. Medical  College  & General Hospital , Godhra

 

SCOPE  OF SERVICES

  1. Collection ofwhole human blood from blood donors.
  2. Checkingof  blood group  of blood  donors and  patients.
  3. Organizing and  conducting outdoor  blood  donation camp.
  4. Testing  of donated  blood from  the blood  donors  for transfusion transmitted infections  like human immunodeficiencyvirus. Hepatitis B  virus ,hepatitis  C  virus , syphilis  and Malaria.
  5. Preparation  of blood components  like  packed red cell concentrate (PCV), fresh frozen plasma  (FFP), cryoprecipitate  and platelet concentrate(PC).
  6. Performing patient’s  cross  matching with  donor  blood and  giving round  the clock supply of  whole  human blood and blood  components free of cost  to the  patients admitted in GMERS general hospital , Godhra,
  7. Quality  checking  of Whole  blood and blood  components .
  8. Taking part  in External quality   assurance programmed for  evaluating  quality  system in blood bank.
  9. Supply  ofrequired  Whole  blood and blood  components  to the patients of  Thalassemia  and hemophilia ,  sickle cell anemia.
  10. Performing  Direct Antiglobulin  test (DCT) ,  indirect Antiglobulin     test (ICT), and baby blood grouping .
  11. Performing   Blood transfusion reaction  evaluation.
  12. Preparation  and provision of blood  for exchange  transfusion to      neonate.
  13. Cancelling oftransfusion  transmitted  infection positive  blood Donors  and referring  them to  the appropriate center for  further management .
  14. Training oftechnicians  working  in the blood bank  regularly.

SCOPE OF CYTOPATHOLOGY

Sr.

Product / Material of TEST

Specific Test Performed

Test Method

Range of Testing/ Limits of Detection

CV%

NON GYNAEC

1

Palpable or Non palpable lesion involving any organ

FNA, Smear Preparation,PAP,

H&E, Giemsa Staining

As per laid down SOP’s

Light Microscopy with

Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

2

Body Fluids (Ascitis, Pleural, CSF, Synovial, Pus, BAL Fluid, ET Secretions, Nipple Discharge)

Cytospin/ Centrifugation/ Smear Preparation, PAP,  Giemsa Staining

As per laid down SOP’s

 Light Microscopy with Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

3

Unstained Smears

H&E Stain, PAP,

 Giemsa Stain

As per laid down SOP’s

Light Microscopy with Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

4

Scrapings/Brushings (GIT, Bronchial, Oral)

H&E Stain,PAP,

 Giemsa Stain

As per laid down SOP’s

Light Microscopy with Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

5

Slides for second opinion

Stained/ Unstained Slides

As per laid down SOP’s

Light Microscopy with Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

GYNAEC

6

Cervical and Vaginal smears (Conventional)

PAP Stain

As per laid down SOP’s

 Light Microscopy with Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

7

Slides for Second Opinion

Conventional/ Stained/ Unstained Slides

Light Microscopy with Interpretation

Descriptive

NA

Scope  of Histopathology

Sr.No

Materials or Items Examined/ Tested

Specific Tests/ Examination Performed

Specification, Standard (Method) or Technique Used

Biological Reference Interval

Range of Testing/Limit of Detection

%CV/MU

(+/--)

1

TISSUE

SPECIMEN (Large, Medium and Small Biopsy)

Gross dissection and Microscopy

Tissue processing, cutting and staining (H & E)

NA

Descriptive

 

NA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Infrastructure & Facilities

Infrastructure & Facilities

D.                 BUILDINGS:

(I)                 DemonstrationRoom:

a)                  Number2

b)                  Accommodation

·              Size 60SQAUREMETER

·              Capacity   75

c)                  Audio-Visualequipmentavailable-YES

                      (i)                 PRACTICALLABORATORIES:
 
 Morbid/Histo-/Cyto-/
 Clinical/Haematology
 Anatomy  Pathology Pathology Pathology

_________________________________________________________________________________

a)Accommodation

    ? Size                                      ADEQUATEAS PER MCI REQUIMENT

    

               ? Capacity

60

90

90

                                                                                   b)Workingarrangement

 

 

 

               ?    Seatsavailable

     YES

 

 

               ?    Watersupply

      YES

 

 

               ?    Sinks

      YES

 

 

               ?    ElectricalPoints

      YES

 

 

               ?    Cupboard for storage of

      YES  Microscopess lides

 

 

               c)Main Equipment available ASPERANEXURE1

 

 

 

               d)Number of Microscopes        90

 

 

 

               e) No.of studentst of achmicroscope:        ONE EACH

 

 

 

               f) No.Preparation room:        ONE EACH

Size - 18 SQUAR EMETER
 Location - ATTACHED WITH PRACTICAL CLASS

 

 

 

               g) Whether Laboratory Manual skept by students?YES

YES
 NO

 

 

 

            h) ClosecircuitTV/demonstrationMicroscope/anyotherteachingaids.

YES
 NO

 

 

 

AUDIO-VISUALATTACHED

                             i)  ServiceLaboratoryintheteachinghospital/colege:

Histopathology

Cytopathology

Haematology

Anyother Specialized section like immunology

YES

YES

YES

NO

                   a)  Arethereseparateservicelaboratories?                       YES

       ·        Yes

     ·        No

          b)            Ifyes,controlandsupervision:                       HEADOFDEPARTMENT

           i)        Whether departmental (college)                      YES

                             ii)        Under Medical Superintendent (Hospital)    YES

                               iii)      If departmental,

                             method of Posting rotation of

                                                     medical&non-medical staff:

MEDICAL:EVERY6MONTHS.PARAMEDICAL:3MONTHS

            c)          Sizeoflaboratory1562SQFT

          d)           Investigateequipmentavailable(Atachlist)ASPERANNEXURE1

 

 

Subject Curriculum

pathology Department Curriculum